eaglewolf
February 10th, 2001, 12:50 AM
Transfered
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-- Posted by Verbena on 7:00 pm on Dec. 31, 1969
Greetings to you all, Allow me to introduce myself as the Moderator of this Celtic Forum.... I seem to have landed this postion after a late night Conversation with Mol... I will do my best for you and try to answer all serious questions relating to Celtic Mythos and Pagan connections.....
Blessed Be.
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-- Posted by Verbena on 7:00 pm on Dec. 31, 1969
BC timeline of the Celts......
1000 Bronze age Urnfield culture exists across Europe.
800 Iron age Celtic culture appears across Europe, and begins to expand. Following a major archaeological find in Austria in 1876, this culture is labelled HALLSTATT.
600 The Massiliote Periplus is written in the Greek port of Massilia (Marseille), describing two distant islands, IERNE (Ireland) and ALBION (England).
550 The Hochdorf Prince and the Princess of Vix are buried in Southern Germany. Meanwhile in Southern Britain, hundreds of hillforts are being built, including DANEBURY RING in Hampshire.
500 Celtic culture is endemic throughout Britain, France, Western Spain, South Germany, North Italy and a broad belt stretching East to the Black Sea, including a beachead in Central Turkey (the Galatians).There is trade between the Celts and the Etruscans. The Greek Hecateus describes the KELTOI. A new culture evolves. Following a major archaeological find in Switzerland in 1858 this culture is labelled LA TENE.
450 Herodotus describes the Celts in Western Spain, and around the source of the Danube.
400 Celts cross the Alps and invade Italy
390 Celts sack Rome. Their leader Brennus exacts a huge bounty of gold with the words "Vae Victis" (woe to the defeated). This is the peak of the Celtic empire.
368 Gaulish mercenaries fight in the army of Syracuse.
335 Celts from the Adriatic meet Alexander the Great, who is impressed.
325 The voyage of the Massilian Pytheas, who describes the PRETANIC islands (Britain).
279 A Celtic tribe from Turkey, the Galatae or GALATIANS, sack the temple of Apollo at Delphi.
230 The Galatae are defeated by Greeks at the battle of Pergamon in Turkey. The Greeks celebrate by casting THE DYING GAUL in bronze and carving the Pergamon reliefs.
225 Celts (including GAESATAE) are defeated by Romans at the battle of Telamon in Italy (8,000 captured, 25,000 killed). Romans celebrate by copying The Dying Gaul in marble, and Polybius writes about it. From now on its mostly all down hill.
218 Celts ally with Carthage in the second Punic war.
150 Posidonius the Greek visits Gaul and describes druids. All his writings are later lost.
125 Rome conquers Southern Gaul.
105 Cimbri and Teutones defeat Romans at Arausio (Orange) in Gaul.
101 Romans destroy Cimbri and Teutones at Campi Raurii (60,000 captured, 120,000 killed). Romans celebrate by carving the triumphal arch at Orange.
100 Danebury is abandoned, reason unknown.
60 Diodorus the Sicilian writes about the Celts.
58 Julius Caesar invades Gaul. He attacks 368,000 emigrating Helvetii (the entire Swiss Celtic tribe including women and children) at Toulon-sur-Arroux, killing 238,000 of them (his own estimates).
54 The quisling Celtic chief Dumnorix is murdered by Genocide Julius.
53 Numerous failed uprisings. ACCO leads a revolt amongst the Senones and Carnutes tribes and is caught, flogged and executed before Roman troops, but Ambiorix escapes never to be seen again.
52 VERCINGETORIX, son of Celtillus of the royal house of the Averni, rallies Gaullish forces and attacks Julius Caesar. Caesar lays seige to him in Avaricum, killing 40,000 Gauls, but Vercingetorix and 800 men escape to GERGOVIA. Caesar attacks, but is routed. Now there was a battle. Finally Caesar traps Vercingetorix at THE SEIGE OF ALESIA. Vercingetorix surrenders and is taken prisoner. This is the end of resistance in Gaul, which becomes a Roman province (but Britain is still free). Caesar cashes in by writing the best seller DE BELLO GALLICO (The Gallic Wars).
45 Vercingetorix is paraded through Rome, then executed.
44 Julius Caesar is stabbed to death by his friends in the toilets behind a theatre. ( what a shame..*grin*)
30 Strabo (quoting the lost chronicles of Posidonius) and Livy write about the Celts. Meanwhile in Ireland Conor Mac Nessa is King of Ulster. Legends told centuries later by bards and written down centuries later still by monks will describe his champion CUCHULAINN - the Hound of Ulster.
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-- Posted by Verbena on 7:00 pm on Dec. 31, 1969
AD Timeline....
93 entire Roman legions (15,000 soldiers) led by Varus are wiped out to a man in the TEUTOBERG FOREST by natives led by Herman the German, ending Roman expansion in this area.
10 Cunobelinus (Shakespeare's "Cymbeline") is Chief of the Catuvellaunii and King of the Britons in Colchester.
43 Under CARADOC (also known as Caratacus, son of Cunobelinus) the Catuvellaunii tribe begin to conquer their neighbours. The quisling Verica of the Atrebates invites Rome to cross the channel and do something about it. The Roman emperor Claudius (the one with the stutter) invades Britain by elephant and four legions led by Aulus Plautius, and after three days of combat defeats Caradoc at THE BATTLE OF THE RIVER MEDWAY in Kent. Caradoc escapes and starts a guerilla war.
50 Caradoc is driven North and seeks sanctuary with Queen CARTIMANDUA of the Brigantes tribe. She arrests him and hands him over to Rome. He and his family are dragged in chains before Claudius and the senate where he makes such an impressive speech that his life is spared and he is given a farm. Also around this time the Roman poet Lucan visits Gaul and writes his poem "Pharsalia" in which he slanders the druids.
59 Suetonius Paulinus leads 2 legions into North-West Wales, attacking the druid stronghold on Mona (Anglesey).
60 Presutagus, King of the Iceni tribe around Suffolk, dies. His widow BOUDICCA is refused Roman recognition as queen, is flogged, and her daughters raped. She leads a rebellion, sacking the Claudian temple at Camulodonum (Romanised Colchester), then slaughtering the entire Roman populations of Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St Albans), and a few legions here and there. Paullinus is forced to abandon the slaughter of the druids on Anglesey and leading the 14th and 20th legions faces her near Lichfield. With an army of 10,000 Paullinus defeats Boudicca's army of 100,000 killing 80,000 of them (according to Tacitus, his son-in-law), but Boudicca escapes never to be seen again. Paullinus conducts a punitive reign of terror across Britain. All resistance is crushed, and Britain becomes a Roman province (but Ireland is still free). Meanwhile in Turkey, St Paul the Apostle is writing his epistle to the Galatians.
82 The military governor of Britain, Julius Agricola, reaches the Mull of Kintyre and decides not to invade Ireland.
84 Agricola presses North to face the last free British Celtic Army. He defeats Calgacus and 30,000 Caledonian warriors at Mons Graupius (according to Tacitus).
122 Hadrian's Wall is built to keep out the Picts.
367 The Romans leave Britain for good as their empire collapses.
427 Loegaire crowned first king of Tara in Ireland.
432 St Patrick arrives in Pagan Celtic Ireland.
Elsewhere on the island, the last free Celtic warriors are performing feats that will inspire hero-myths that will last millenia, inspired themselves by hero-myths older still.
650 The first scraps of ancient Irish legends, passed on verbally by bards for centuries, are finally written down on a calf skin belonging to the early Christian monk St Ciaran.
1105 Maelmuiri transcribes St Ciaran's work in the monastery of Clonmacnoise as THE BOOK OF THE DUN COW, the oldest surviving copy of THE TAIN BO CUAILNGE (The Cattle Raid of Cooley), the hero-myths of CUCHULAINN and the warriors of the Red Branch of Ulster. Elsewhere the Book of Leinster is also being written, covering events prior to the cattle raid.
1375 The Yellow Book of Lecan is written down, adding more detail.
1450 The Books of Lecan and Lismore are made.
1857 A shallow part of Lake Neuchatel (La Tene) in Switzerland is found to be full of ancient Celtic artefacts dating from the 6th century BC.
1876 An ancient salt mine dating from the 9th century BC is excavated in Hallstatt, Austria.
1890 William Butler Yeats writes "The Rose", a collection of poems based on ancient Irish legend, including "Fergus and the Druid".
1898 In an atmosphere of Celtic revivalism, Lady Eleanor Hull writes "The Cuchulainn Saga".
Ok Any questions....
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-- Posted by Verbena on 7:00 pm on Dec. 31, 1969
Greetings to you all, Allow me to introduce myself as the Moderator of this Celtic Forum.... I seem to have landed this postion after a late night Conversation with Mol... I will do my best for you and try to answer all serious questions relating to Celtic Mythos and Pagan connections.....
Blessed Be.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Posted by Verbena on 7:00 pm on Dec. 31, 1969
BC timeline of the Celts......
1000 Bronze age Urnfield culture exists across Europe.
800 Iron age Celtic culture appears across Europe, and begins to expand. Following a major archaeological find in Austria in 1876, this culture is labelled HALLSTATT.
600 The Massiliote Periplus is written in the Greek port of Massilia (Marseille), describing two distant islands, IERNE (Ireland) and ALBION (England).
550 The Hochdorf Prince and the Princess of Vix are buried in Southern Germany. Meanwhile in Southern Britain, hundreds of hillforts are being built, including DANEBURY RING in Hampshire.
500 Celtic culture is endemic throughout Britain, France, Western Spain, South Germany, North Italy and a broad belt stretching East to the Black Sea, including a beachead in Central Turkey (the Galatians).There is trade between the Celts and the Etruscans. The Greek Hecateus describes the KELTOI. A new culture evolves. Following a major archaeological find in Switzerland in 1858 this culture is labelled LA TENE.
450 Herodotus describes the Celts in Western Spain, and around the source of the Danube.
400 Celts cross the Alps and invade Italy
390 Celts sack Rome. Their leader Brennus exacts a huge bounty of gold with the words "Vae Victis" (woe to the defeated). This is the peak of the Celtic empire.
368 Gaulish mercenaries fight in the army of Syracuse.
335 Celts from the Adriatic meet Alexander the Great, who is impressed.
325 The voyage of the Massilian Pytheas, who describes the PRETANIC islands (Britain).
279 A Celtic tribe from Turkey, the Galatae or GALATIANS, sack the temple of Apollo at Delphi.
230 The Galatae are defeated by Greeks at the battle of Pergamon in Turkey. The Greeks celebrate by casting THE DYING GAUL in bronze and carving the Pergamon reliefs.
225 Celts (including GAESATAE) are defeated by Romans at the battle of Telamon in Italy (8,000 captured, 25,000 killed). Romans celebrate by copying The Dying Gaul in marble, and Polybius writes about it. From now on its mostly all down hill.
218 Celts ally with Carthage in the second Punic war.
150 Posidonius the Greek visits Gaul and describes druids. All his writings are later lost.
125 Rome conquers Southern Gaul.
105 Cimbri and Teutones defeat Romans at Arausio (Orange) in Gaul.
101 Romans destroy Cimbri and Teutones at Campi Raurii (60,000 captured, 120,000 killed). Romans celebrate by carving the triumphal arch at Orange.
100 Danebury is abandoned, reason unknown.
60 Diodorus the Sicilian writes about the Celts.
58 Julius Caesar invades Gaul. He attacks 368,000 emigrating Helvetii (the entire Swiss Celtic tribe including women and children) at Toulon-sur-Arroux, killing 238,000 of them (his own estimates).
54 The quisling Celtic chief Dumnorix is murdered by Genocide Julius.
53 Numerous failed uprisings. ACCO leads a revolt amongst the Senones and Carnutes tribes and is caught, flogged and executed before Roman troops, but Ambiorix escapes never to be seen again.
52 VERCINGETORIX, son of Celtillus of the royal house of the Averni, rallies Gaullish forces and attacks Julius Caesar. Caesar lays seige to him in Avaricum, killing 40,000 Gauls, but Vercingetorix and 800 men escape to GERGOVIA. Caesar attacks, but is routed. Now there was a battle. Finally Caesar traps Vercingetorix at THE SEIGE OF ALESIA. Vercingetorix surrenders and is taken prisoner. This is the end of resistance in Gaul, which becomes a Roman province (but Britain is still free). Caesar cashes in by writing the best seller DE BELLO GALLICO (The Gallic Wars).
45 Vercingetorix is paraded through Rome, then executed.
44 Julius Caesar is stabbed to death by his friends in the toilets behind a theatre. ( what a shame..*grin*)
30 Strabo (quoting the lost chronicles of Posidonius) and Livy write about the Celts. Meanwhile in Ireland Conor Mac Nessa is King of Ulster. Legends told centuries later by bards and written down centuries later still by monks will describe his champion CUCHULAINN - the Hound of Ulster.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Posted by Verbena on 7:00 pm on Dec. 31, 1969
AD Timeline....
93 entire Roman legions (15,000 soldiers) led by Varus are wiped out to a man in the TEUTOBERG FOREST by natives led by Herman the German, ending Roman expansion in this area.
10 Cunobelinus (Shakespeare's "Cymbeline") is Chief of the Catuvellaunii and King of the Britons in Colchester.
43 Under CARADOC (also known as Caratacus, son of Cunobelinus) the Catuvellaunii tribe begin to conquer their neighbours. The quisling Verica of the Atrebates invites Rome to cross the channel and do something about it. The Roman emperor Claudius (the one with the stutter) invades Britain by elephant and four legions led by Aulus Plautius, and after three days of combat defeats Caradoc at THE BATTLE OF THE RIVER MEDWAY in Kent. Caradoc escapes and starts a guerilla war.
50 Caradoc is driven North and seeks sanctuary with Queen CARTIMANDUA of the Brigantes tribe. She arrests him and hands him over to Rome. He and his family are dragged in chains before Claudius and the senate where he makes such an impressive speech that his life is spared and he is given a farm. Also around this time the Roman poet Lucan visits Gaul and writes his poem "Pharsalia" in which he slanders the druids.
59 Suetonius Paulinus leads 2 legions into North-West Wales, attacking the druid stronghold on Mona (Anglesey).
60 Presutagus, King of the Iceni tribe around Suffolk, dies. His widow BOUDICCA is refused Roman recognition as queen, is flogged, and her daughters raped. She leads a rebellion, sacking the Claudian temple at Camulodonum (Romanised Colchester), then slaughtering the entire Roman populations of Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St Albans), and a few legions here and there. Paullinus is forced to abandon the slaughter of the druids on Anglesey and leading the 14th and 20th legions faces her near Lichfield. With an army of 10,000 Paullinus defeats Boudicca's army of 100,000 killing 80,000 of them (according to Tacitus, his son-in-law), but Boudicca escapes never to be seen again. Paullinus conducts a punitive reign of terror across Britain. All resistance is crushed, and Britain becomes a Roman province (but Ireland is still free). Meanwhile in Turkey, St Paul the Apostle is writing his epistle to the Galatians.
82 The military governor of Britain, Julius Agricola, reaches the Mull of Kintyre and decides not to invade Ireland.
84 Agricola presses North to face the last free British Celtic Army. He defeats Calgacus and 30,000 Caledonian warriors at Mons Graupius (according to Tacitus).
122 Hadrian's Wall is built to keep out the Picts.
367 The Romans leave Britain for good as their empire collapses.
427 Loegaire crowned first king of Tara in Ireland.
432 St Patrick arrives in Pagan Celtic Ireland.
Elsewhere on the island, the last free Celtic warriors are performing feats that will inspire hero-myths that will last millenia, inspired themselves by hero-myths older still.
650 The first scraps of ancient Irish legends, passed on verbally by bards for centuries, are finally written down on a calf skin belonging to the early Christian monk St Ciaran.
1105 Maelmuiri transcribes St Ciaran's work in the monastery of Clonmacnoise as THE BOOK OF THE DUN COW, the oldest surviving copy of THE TAIN BO CUAILNGE (The Cattle Raid of Cooley), the hero-myths of CUCHULAINN and the warriors of the Red Branch of Ulster. Elsewhere the Book of Leinster is also being written, covering events prior to the cattle raid.
1375 The Yellow Book of Lecan is written down, adding more detail.
1450 The Books of Lecan and Lismore are made.
1857 A shallow part of Lake Neuchatel (La Tene) in Switzerland is found to be full of ancient Celtic artefacts dating from the 6th century BC.
1876 An ancient salt mine dating from the 9th century BC is excavated in Hallstatt, Austria.
1890 William Butler Yeats writes "The Rose", a collection of poems based on ancient Irish legend, including "Fergus and the Druid".
1898 In an atmosphere of Celtic revivalism, Lady Eleanor Hull writes "The Cuchulainn Saga".
Ok Any questions....