Verbena
March 5th, 2001, 09:38 AM
500-100 B.C. The Celts settle in Wales.
43 A.D. Troops of Roman Emperor Claudius invade Britain. It takes 35 years to fully conquer Wales. (78 A.D.)
350 Irish raiders make permanent settlements in Southwest Wales.
410 Four hundred years of occupation end for Britain as the Romans leave. Saxon invaders seize the opportunity and start invading. Waves of Saxons descend upon Britain.
500 The Saxons are defeated at Mount Badon. One of King Arthur's twelve battles. Supposed rule of King Arthur for 45 plus years. This is also the period of Saints. Celtic saints set up sites throughout Wales teaching Christianity. In the east of Britain, the Saxons remain pagan.
784 Offa of Mercia, a powerful Saxon king, builds Offa's Dyke, marking Wales's eastern boundary. The Dyke is not a fortified one, but a permanent boundary line.
878 The most notable Welsh figure before the arrival of the Normans is slain. Rhodri Mawr was the first Welsh ruler to unite the Welsh tribes and kingdoms under one rule. During his reign, the Vikings increase their raids.
927 Welsh kings formally submit to the English as over-king.
1039 The last of the Welsh high-kings, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, assumes the throne. His short, 20 plus years, rule brings unity to Wales.
1063 The English, under future king Earl Harold, drive their army into Wales. His own men kill Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and relatives and England's ascendancy is reaffirmed.
1066 At the Battle of Hastings King Harold is killed. The Norman conquest of England is assured. Marcher Lords are established along the Welsh borders.
1141 Henry the First dies and Wales experiences resurgence under the two Llywelyns of Gwynedd. Wales moves toward unity as their territory is reclaimed and the culture flourishes.
1215 The Magna Carta signed. Welsh lands taken unjustly are restored and some Welsh laws return.
1267 Llywelyn II with the Treaty of Montgomery is recognized as Prince of Wales, with overlordship of all other Welsh Princes and Barons.
1282 Llwyelyn II is killed in battle and Wales's resurgence comes to an end. Wales falls beneath Edward the First's advances. Wales becomes an English principality under the Statute of Rhuddlan. In the future, the eldest son of the English king is designated Prince of Wales. The building of castles in Wales is started by Edward I.
1301 At Caernarvon Castle Edward's son is invested as the Prince of Wales.
1349 The Plague, or Black Death, sweeps through Wales, leaving up to 40 percent of the population dead.
1400 Owain Glyndwr, with the whole of Wales behind him, leads a revolt against England.
1410 Owain Glyndwr's short rebellion ends as he disappears. Henry IV and his son suppress the rebellion. Defeat means second class citizenship for the Welsh and humiliation.
1455 The War of Roses starts in England as the Yorks and Lancastrians fight for the throne.
1485 Henry Tudor, of Welsh descent, wins the Battle of Bosworth and becomes the first Welsh King of England. This marks the end of the War of Roses and establishes the Welsh lineage to the English throne.
1536 Henry VIII enacts the first Act of Union which completes the political and legal union of England and Wales. Wales falls under the English shire system and the first dissolution of the monasteries begins.
1588 The Bible is published in Welsh. One of the most important events to continue the language.
1642 Civil War breaks out in England and is welcomed in Wales.
1660 Charles II is restored and Wales rejoices. The Bardic Order starts its decay, suffering from a loss of patronage and the influence of the new Humanism.
1718 Books printed in Welsh flourish as printing presses are introduced in Wales.
1735 The Methodist Revival begins.
1795 South Wales becomes the Iron Industries strong hold.
1811 Wales becomes a "non-conformist nation" as the Methodists break with the Church of England.
1815 European peace after the Napoleonic Wars bring Welsh farming to a point of crisis. Soaring population adds to the discontent.
1831 The Merthyr uprising. Debtors Court is ransacked by debt stricken workers. The town is raided of sequestered goods and troops are brought in, leaving two dozen towns people dead. For the next ten years Welsh miners stage "Scotch Cattle" raids taking action against blacklegs.
1839 High toll taxes lead to the first of the Rebecca Riots. Turnpikes are smashed in the rural areas.
1843 In his famous "Letter to the Welsh People", Hugh Owen calls for all Welsh to take action to further the cause of education. He sees it as an essential pre-requisite to Welsh prosperity.
1850's Rapid development of coal mining in the Rhondda valley. South Wales coal fields become one of the most important in the world. Cardiff's port is busy.
1868 Liberal political supremacy is established. The Liberals hold 21 Welsh seats.
1872 The University College at Aberystwyth is founded. Soon colleges are founded at Bangor, Cardiff, and Swansea.
1881 "Dry Sunday" is adopted in Wales. Pubs stay shut.
1891 The "Tithe War" leads to the Tithe Act that transfers payments of tithes to the Anglican Church from resentful non-conformist tenants to the landlords.
1906 Liberals sweep the General Election.
1908 Lloyd George is made Chancellor of the Exchecquer.
43 A.D. Troops of Roman Emperor Claudius invade Britain. It takes 35 years to fully conquer Wales. (78 A.D.)
350 Irish raiders make permanent settlements in Southwest Wales.
410 Four hundred years of occupation end for Britain as the Romans leave. Saxon invaders seize the opportunity and start invading. Waves of Saxons descend upon Britain.
500 The Saxons are defeated at Mount Badon. One of King Arthur's twelve battles. Supposed rule of King Arthur for 45 plus years. This is also the period of Saints. Celtic saints set up sites throughout Wales teaching Christianity. In the east of Britain, the Saxons remain pagan.
784 Offa of Mercia, a powerful Saxon king, builds Offa's Dyke, marking Wales's eastern boundary. The Dyke is not a fortified one, but a permanent boundary line.
878 The most notable Welsh figure before the arrival of the Normans is slain. Rhodri Mawr was the first Welsh ruler to unite the Welsh tribes and kingdoms under one rule. During his reign, the Vikings increase their raids.
927 Welsh kings formally submit to the English as over-king.
1039 The last of the Welsh high-kings, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, assumes the throne. His short, 20 plus years, rule brings unity to Wales.
1063 The English, under future king Earl Harold, drive their army into Wales. His own men kill Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and relatives and England's ascendancy is reaffirmed.
1066 At the Battle of Hastings King Harold is killed. The Norman conquest of England is assured. Marcher Lords are established along the Welsh borders.
1141 Henry the First dies and Wales experiences resurgence under the two Llywelyns of Gwynedd. Wales moves toward unity as their territory is reclaimed and the culture flourishes.
1215 The Magna Carta signed. Welsh lands taken unjustly are restored and some Welsh laws return.
1267 Llywelyn II with the Treaty of Montgomery is recognized as Prince of Wales, with overlordship of all other Welsh Princes and Barons.
1282 Llwyelyn II is killed in battle and Wales's resurgence comes to an end. Wales falls beneath Edward the First's advances. Wales becomes an English principality under the Statute of Rhuddlan. In the future, the eldest son of the English king is designated Prince of Wales. The building of castles in Wales is started by Edward I.
1301 At Caernarvon Castle Edward's son is invested as the Prince of Wales.
1349 The Plague, or Black Death, sweeps through Wales, leaving up to 40 percent of the population dead.
1400 Owain Glyndwr, with the whole of Wales behind him, leads a revolt against England.
1410 Owain Glyndwr's short rebellion ends as he disappears. Henry IV and his son suppress the rebellion. Defeat means second class citizenship for the Welsh and humiliation.
1455 The War of Roses starts in England as the Yorks and Lancastrians fight for the throne.
1485 Henry Tudor, of Welsh descent, wins the Battle of Bosworth and becomes the first Welsh King of England. This marks the end of the War of Roses and establishes the Welsh lineage to the English throne.
1536 Henry VIII enacts the first Act of Union which completes the political and legal union of England and Wales. Wales falls under the English shire system and the first dissolution of the monasteries begins.
1588 The Bible is published in Welsh. One of the most important events to continue the language.
1642 Civil War breaks out in England and is welcomed in Wales.
1660 Charles II is restored and Wales rejoices. The Bardic Order starts its decay, suffering from a loss of patronage and the influence of the new Humanism.
1718 Books printed in Welsh flourish as printing presses are introduced in Wales.
1735 The Methodist Revival begins.
1795 South Wales becomes the Iron Industries strong hold.
1811 Wales becomes a "non-conformist nation" as the Methodists break with the Church of England.
1815 European peace after the Napoleonic Wars bring Welsh farming to a point of crisis. Soaring population adds to the discontent.
1831 The Merthyr uprising. Debtors Court is ransacked by debt stricken workers. The town is raided of sequestered goods and troops are brought in, leaving two dozen towns people dead. For the next ten years Welsh miners stage "Scotch Cattle" raids taking action against blacklegs.
1839 High toll taxes lead to the first of the Rebecca Riots. Turnpikes are smashed in the rural areas.
1843 In his famous "Letter to the Welsh People", Hugh Owen calls for all Welsh to take action to further the cause of education. He sees it as an essential pre-requisite to Welsh prosperity.
1850's Rapid development of coal mining in the Rhondda valley. South Wales coal fields become one of the most important in the world. Cardiff's port is busy.
1868 Liberal political supremacy is established. The Liberals hold 21 Welsh seats.
1872 The University College at Aberystwyth is founded. Soon colleges are founded at Bangor, Cardiff, and Swansea.
1881 "Dry Sunday" is adopted in Wales. Pubs stay shut.
1891 The "Tithe War" leads to the Tithe Act that transfers payments of tithes to the Anglican Church from resentful non-conformist tenants to the landlords.
1906 Liberals sweep the General Election.
1908 Lloyd George is made Chancellor of the Exchecquer.